The article highlights important transformations in the system of primary professional education of the Orenburg region in the 20s and 30s of the XX century. On the basis of archival materials and periodicals, the author reveals all the difficulties faced by the primary professional education of the Orenburg region during the specified period and ways to overcome them. The author also considers the main ways of training workers in industry and agriculture in the Orenburg region. The author emphasizes that there was an inculcation of industrial labor skills into society, the formation of qualified personnel of various specialties that provided the economic market in the 1920s and 30s.

Keywords: qualified personnel, primary professional education, working professions.