The article opens a series of publications devoted to the possibility of using the profile of lateral organization (PLO), which characterizes the functional interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain, as one of the marker factors in the structure of phenogenetic characteristics of the human constitution. Consideration of PLO from the standpoint of integrative anthropology is aimed at solving a number of psychological, pedagogical and medico-biological issues, including optimization of sports selection, sports orientation and educational and training process of sports.